Thermodynamics delves into the fundamental principles governing heat, work, and energy transformations. A key concept within this field is reversible temperature, which defines a thermodynamic process that can be undone without any net change in the system or its surroundings. This idealized scenario plays a vital role in understanding the limits o… Read More

Magnetic separation employs a powerful and versatile technique for the isolation of biomolecules. This approach relies on the properties of magnetic nanoparticles conjugated to target biomolecules, allowing their selective retrieval from complex mixtures. By applying an external magnetic field, the labeled biomolecules aggregate near the magnet, e… Read More